In Japan, sediment disasters occur frequently due to national land and weather conditions, and many precious lives and property have been lost. Non‐structural and structural measures need to be further strengthened to mitigate damage. However, there are still some issues with the measures. Kagoshima City issued an evacuation advisory throughout the city during heavy rains from the end of June 2019. Therefore, this study conducted a resident questionnaire on evacuation behavior and disaster prevention awareness in the city. The study also objectively analyzed evacuation behavior and recognition of residential risk by relationship of inside and outside the sediment disaster warning area, and relationship of natural phenomenon that could cause sediment disasters. The main result was that the percentage of evacuees living inside the warning area was higher than outside the warning area. In addition, the more accurately they were aware of the residential risk related to the warning area, etc., the higher the ratio of taking appropriate evacuation behavior. From this, it is considered important to narrow down the areas subject to announcements such as evacuation advisories and to correctly recognize the residential risk.